PHIL 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Antithesis, Dialectic, Determinism
5 May 2018
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-Geist is in everything taking different forms
-Geist becomes reason. Spirit. Absolute
-Geist is in all those things
-Rational and Determined
-Geist/Spirit/God has a goal (teleology)
-End for Geist is freedom
-Wants to achieve freedom
-Hegel
-Historicism
-Geist: World spirit
-Optimism: arrow time- progress
1. Greater freedom
2. Greater understanding
-Idealism
-Systematic
-Phenomenology (appearance)
-Monist
-Determinist
-Synthesis: Dialectic
-Hegel (Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis)
-T: A beginning proposition
-A: Negation of that thesis
-S: Two conflicting ideas are reconciled to form a new proposition
-Thesis: “The world has a beginning in time, and is limited with regard to space”
-Antitheses: “The world has no beginning and no limits in space, but is infinite, in respect
to both time and space
-Are synthetic judgements a priori possible?
-No synthesis is possible without a preceding antithesis. As little as antithesis
without synthesis, or synthesis without antithesis, is possible; just as little
possible are both with thesis
-The thesis is an intellectual proposition.
-The antithesis is a critical perspective on the thesis.
-The synthesis solves the conflict between the thesis and antithesis by reconciling their
common truths, and forming a new proposition.
-Phenomenology: the science of phenomena as distinct from that of the nature of being; an
approach that concentrates on the study of consciousness and that objects of direct experience
-Hegel:
-He starts by looking at perception and how it maybe looks at the world and how you can
talk about the ways you can reason and understand like Kant reasoned and understood
-He influences political thoughts with something he calls the dialectic of master and
slaves
-Consciousness is generally what Descartes was talking about. (The cogito)
-But what’s different between Hegel and Descartes,
-Hegel: The way I understand the world and myself in it
-Descartes: I’m outside of the world
-The way I understand the world and myself in it is by coming into concept with other
consciousnesses/people
-This is the process of socialization
-Aristotle plays a huge influence on Hegel.
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Document Summary
Rational and determined: greater freedom, greater understanding. S: two conflicting ideas are reconciled to form a new proposition. Thesis: the world has a beginning in time, and is limited with regard to space . Antitheses: the world has no beginning and no limits in space, but is infinite, in respect to both time and space. No synthesis is possible without a preceding antithesis. As little as antithesis without synthesis, or synthesis without antithesis, is possible; just as little possible are both with thesis. The antithesis is a critical perspective on the thesis. The synthesis solves the conflict between the thesis and antithesis by reconciling their common truths, and forming a new proposition. Phenomenology: the science of phenomena as distinct from that of the nature of being; an approach that concentrates on the study of consciousness and that objects of direct experience. Hegel: talk about the ways you can reason and understand like kant reasoned and understood.
