PSYC 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Observational Learning, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning
5 May 2018
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Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS); stimulus that elicits a reflexive response
Cognitive Map; mental picture of the layout of the environment
Continuous Reinforcement; rewarding a behavior every time it occurs
Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule; behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule; set number of responses must occur before a behavior is
rewarded
Latent Learning; learning that occurs, but it may not be evident until there is a reason to
demonstrate it
Law of Effect; behavior that is followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated
and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouraged
Negative Punishment; taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease or stop a behavior
Negative Reinforcement; taking away an undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior
Operant Conditioning; form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the
behavior is demonstrated
Partial Reinforcement; rewarding behavior only some of the time
Positive Punishment; adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior
Positive Reinforcement; adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior
Primary Reinforcer; has innate reinforcing qualities (e.g., food, water, shelter, sex)
Punishment; implementation of a consequence in order to decrease a behavior
Reinforcement; implementation of a consequence in order to increase a behavior
Secondary Reinforcer; has no inherent value unto itself and only has reinforcing qualities when
linked with something else (e.g., money, gold stars, poker chips)
Shaping; rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior
Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule; behavior is rewarded after unpredictable amounts of
time have passed
Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule; number of responses differ before a behavior is
rewarded
Model; person who performs a behavior that serves as an example (in observational learning)
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Unconditioned stimulus (ucs); stimulus that elicits a reflexive response. Cognitive map; mental picture of the layout of the environment. Continuous reinforcement; rewarding a behavior every time it occurs. Fixed interval reinforcement schedule; behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time. Fixed ratio reinforcement schedule; set number of responses must occur before a behavior is rewarded. Latent learning; learning that occurs, but it may not be evident until there is a reason to demonstrate it. Law of effect; behavior that is followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouraged. Negative punishment; taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease or stop a behavior. Negative reinforcement; taking away an undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior. Operant conditioning; form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated. Partial reinforcement; rewarding behavior only some of the time.
