PSYC 5850 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Axon Hillock, Myelin, Axoplasmic Transport
24 Jan 2017
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Department
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Professor
PSYC5850 – Psychopharmacology
1/19/17
Vehicle – what is carrying the drug to be administered
-Injection vehicle is usually a saline solution
Placebo – saline injection or empty pill
*30% of subjects will report some effect of the drug when receiving a placebo
*This is also seen in the magnitude of the effect as well: patients will report experience 30% less
pain even when given a placebo
-Patients will experience more of a placebo effect especially if they know what the drug
is supposed to do
Drug addictions are conditioned to give the response of cravings
-Seeing the drug may cause arousal and euphoria, but it will primarily lead to cravings
Studies with rats show that those which received a drug in a new room had more effects in the new
environment
-higher body temperature change when exposed to a new environment
Figure 1.19 shows that training and testing either with a drug, or without a drug leads to better recall,
but changing whether
CHAPTER 2 - Cells of the Nervous System
Embryonic stem cells that form the nervous system become 2 cell types
-Neurons which transmit information in the form of chemical and electrical signals
-Glial cells
*Schwann cells/Oligodendrial form the myelin sheath which insulate neurons
Sensory Neurons convert physical or chemical stimuli into electrical signals
-Interneurons form circuits responsible for conscious sensations, recognition, memories, and
decision-making, cognition
-Motor Neurons direct bio behavioral responses appropriate for the situation
Microglia remove dying cells by phagocytosis at sites of nerve damage; cause immune response
Figure 2.1 – know distinction between neurons and glia and what they generally do
Neurons have 3 parts (BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS AND EXPLAIN WHATS HAPPENING IN THESE PARTS)
-Soma cell body; contains nucleus
-Dendrites projections form soma that receive information
*synapse (synaptic cleft) is a gap between soma and dendrites where information from
other cells in received
-Axon conducts electrical information to different parts of the body
*Incoming signal from axon terminal to dendrite can either be excitatory or inhibitory
-most reactions are actually inhibitory!
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Vehicle what is carrying the drug to be administered. Placebo saline injection or empty pill pain even when given a placebo is supposed to do. *30% of subjects will report some effect of the drug when receiving a placebo. *this is also seen in the magnitude of the effect as well: patients will report experience 30% less. Patients will experience more of a placebo effect especially if they know what the drug. Drug addictions are conditioned to give the response of cravings. Seeing the drug may cause arousal and euphoria, but it will primarily lead to cravings. Studies with rats show that those which received a drug in a new room had more effects in the new environment. Higher body temperature change when exposed to a new environment. Figure 1. 19 shows that training and testing either with a drug, or without a drug leads to better recall, but changing whether. Chapter 2 - cells of the nervous system.
