BIOL 171 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Mutation Rate, Monophyly, Horizontal Gene Transfer
28 Jan 2017
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Taxonomy : naming and grouping of species. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Phylogenetic trees: further to the base is older. Monophyletic clade: an ancestor and all of its descendants. Paraphyletic clade: an ancestor and some of its descendants. Polyphyletic clade: distantly related species no ancestor: branch point length: can describe genetic change , time. The molecular clock is a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The bio molecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleotide sequences for dna or amino acid sequences for proteins. The benchmarks for determining the mutation rate are often fossil or archaeological dates. Parsimony and likelihood: least likely to change.
