BIOL 1398 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Binomial Nomenclature, Phylogenetic Tree, Carl Linnaeus

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26. 1 phylogenies show evolutionary relationships taxonomy is the scientific discipline of how organisms are named and classified. It"s just a pattern: we should not assume that a taxon on a phylogenic tree evolved from the taxon next to it. Infer species identities by analyzing the relatedness of dna sequences from different organisms. 26. 2 phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data. In some case, the morphological difference is a lot, but they barely have genetic differences. Evaluating molecular homologies: first step after sequencing is aligning comparable sequences from separate species. 26. 4 an organism"s evolutionary history is documented in its genome: molecular systematics helps us uncover evolutionary relationships between groups that have little common ground for morphological comparison (ex. Animals and fungi: different genes evolve at different rates, even in the same evolutionary lineage. Gene duplications and gene families: molecular techniques allow us to trace phylogenies of gene duplications.

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