BIOL 4374 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Pseudogene, Point Mutation, Chromosome

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Lecture 9: all cells in a organism share genome, however different organisms (even relatives) do not always share the same genome, all of today"s genes have evolved from an earlier gene. This evolution of genes can be caused by: Mutations within the gene: mutation may change a nucleotide, delete or duplicate multiple, alter splicing, stability, activity, location of protein/rna. Mutation within the regulatory regions: can be difficult to recognize, can change when and where a gene is expressed, ex: lactose tolerance. High levels of lactase is a mutation. Gene duplication: if a gene is copied, copies may mutate and take on a slightly different function as long as original activity is not lost. Work can be split between the copies: can lead to gene families. Through a process called (cid:498)gene duplication and further and divergence(cid:499) One gene family of genes within a single genome: obvious gene duplication nonfunctional protein.

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