HLT 2320 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Observational Study, Difficult People, Cohort Study

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Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations. Ex: biopsies- death certificates have cause of death. Some diseases need blood tests or stool cultures to verify diagnosis. Sometimes definition changes as more is learned- Other health outcomes- injuries and risk factors. Looking at number of people with disease and relate to the population at risk (par) Par ( denominator) may be total population or exposed population, or one gender or age group; often comes from census. Incidence - number of new cases; measure of disease that allows us to determine a person"s probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time. Prevalence - number of existing cases; measure of disease that allows us to determine a person"s likelihood of having a disease. Incidence is used for studying causes of disease. If a cause or risk factors increase, incidence and prevalence increase. Ability to diagnose increaes, incidence and prevalence increase.

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