BIO 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Adenine, Restriction Enzyme, Intron
Document Summary
Dna inhertied by an oranism specific traits. Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype. Gene expression, the process by which dna directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription: the synthesis of rna, and translation: the synthesis of a polypeptide. The central dogma is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: Triplet code - series of nonoverlapping three nucleotide words. The change of a single nucleotide in a dna template strand can lead to the production of an abnormal protein. Silent mutation - ex) ucu is created instead of ucc either way still serine. Or the change can be a silent mutation that does not create an abnormal protein. Three stages of transcription: initiation - bind to rna polymerase promoter, elongation - rewound dna, rna transcript direction of transcription downstream , termination - complete rna transcript. Rna synthesis is catalyzed by rna polymerase, which pries the dna strands apart and joins together the rna nucleotides.