BIO 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Adenine, Restriction Enzyme, Intron

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Dna inhertied by an oranism specific traits. Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype. Gene expression, the process by which dna directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription: the synthesis of rna, and translation: the synthesis of a polypeptide. The central dogma is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: Triplet code - series of nonoverlapping three nucleotide words. The change of a single nucleotide in a dna template strand can lead to the production of an abnormal protein. Silent mutation - ex) ucu is created instead of ucc either way still serine. Or the change can be a silent mutation that does not create an abnormal protein. Three stages of transcription: initiation - bind to rna polymerase promoter, elongation - rewound dna, rna transcript direction of transcription downstream , termination - complete rna transcript. Rna synthesis is catalyzed by rna polymerase, which pries the dna strands apart and joins together the rna nucleotides.

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