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KN 252 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Mean Arterial Pressure, Blood Vessel, Cardiac Output

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lilacpig204
15 May 2017
School
UIC
Department
Kinesiology
Course
KN 252
Professor
Marone Jane, Michael Jones

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Document Summary

Circulatory physiology blood flow from the heart to the heart. This is driven by a drop in pressure from beginning to end of the circulatory pathway: compliance affects bp stretchability of the artery; more compliance, less pressure build up, cardiac cycle affects bp. Diastole pressure maintained during relaxation: location (in vascular system) affects bp. Arteries = highest pressure (average bp of large artery ~ 93. 3 mmhg) Capillaries = enter bed at ~ 40 mmhg (leave at ~ 20mmhg) Veins = enter at ~ 20 mmhg (leave at ~ 0 mmhg at vena cava: flow (volume of flow) same as cardiac output (hr x sv, venous return (influences cardiac output) Muscle pump (influences venous return) positive pressure. Respiratory pump (influences venous return) sucking in blood to thorax: resistance retarding factor; affected by the following: Mean arterial pressure = diastolic pressure + pulse pressure/3. Pulse pressure = systolic diastolic pressure: viscosity thickness of blood (hematocrit); thicker blood, greater resistance.

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Related Questions

1. What is the importance of the valves of the heart?

  1. regulation of heart rate
  2. coordination of the contraction of ventricles
  3. allow blood to enter the heart from the arteries
  4. prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria

2. Why is blood pressure lower during diastole than duringsystole?

  1. More blood flows into the heart during systole than duringdiastole
  2. The contraction of the heart during systole increases the bloodpressure against arterial walls.
  3. The contraction of the heart during diastole decreases theblood pressure against arterial walls.
  4. The contraction of the heart during systole increases the bloodpressure against the valves separating the atria from theventricles.
  5. The relaxation of the heart during diastole decreases the bloodpressure against arterial walls.

3. Atherosclerosis can be caused by_____________?

  1. the blood vessels becoming to elastic
  2. the release of stress hormones such as epinephrine
  3. chronic hypertension
  4. a lack of calcium in the diet

4. If you become dehydrated, and your blood pressure drops. Howwill the kidneys respond?

  1. by producing a large amount of urine
  2. by returning more water to the blood stream and producing lessurine
  3. by shutting down.
  4. by moving fluid from the urinary bladder back into the bloodstream.

5. What is the site of gas exchange within the lungs?

  1. alveloi
  2. bronchioles
  3. larynx
  4. trachea

6. What would help destroy pathogens on food you eat?

  1. digestive enzymes
  2. inflammation
  3. the oil secreted onto your skin
  4. stomach acid

7. What led to the 2008 San Diego and 2015 measles outbreaks atDisneyland?

  1. poor hand washing by food workers
  2. California's measles vaccination rates had fallen bellow levelsrequired for heard immunity.
  3. the MMR vaccine is no longer effective.
  4. over-use of antibiotics.

1. The fish heart is a modified tube with _____________chambers arrayed one after the other.

2. The ____________ cycle consists of systole and diastole.

3. The spontaneous depolarization of cells in the ________________ passes through the left and right atria as a wave to finally cause the contraction of the heart.

4. ____________ is fluid formed from blood plasma minus the larger proteins.

5. A weakened section of an artery is known as a(n) ___________

6. The ________ is the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute.

7._________ are subcellular packets of clotting enzymes.

8.________________ are basically packets of hemoglobin.

9. A normal value for blood pressure should be about

Answer: ______________________.

10. Veins contain _______________that assist in the movement of blood back to the heart.

11. The ______________delays the contraction of the ventricles to allow them to fill with blood.

12. During the cardiac cycle, contraction is called _____________and relaxation is called ___________.

13. The ________________ is the tough sac of connective tissue around the heart.

14. ___________________results when the blood's ability to carry oxygen is decreased.

QuestionGroup: #37 CNS

Assigned as

Homework

37

Which parts of the brain contribute to our social behavior?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

B

Mirror neurons

C

Amygdala

D

All of these are correct

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QuestionGroup: #38 CNS2

Assigned as

Homework

38

Part of the explanation of long term memory is which of the following?

A

Long term potentiation between neurons and muscle cells

B

Long term potentiation between neurons

C

Short term translation

D

Long term transcription

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QuestionGroup: #39 PNS

Assigned as

Homework

39

The somatic component of the peripheral nervous system has which of the following characteristics?

A

It controls the smooth muscle in the blood vessels so that blood vessels can vasoconstrict or vasodilate

B

It controls the autonomic nervous system so it indirectly controls heart rate

C

It controls your skeletal muscle so you can answer this question by pushing on the keyboard

D

It controls the smooth muscle in your intestinal tract so it controls peristalsis

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QuestionGroup: #40 Smooth/skeletal

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40

Which of the following is NOT a part of a skeletal muscle cell?

A

Motor neurons

B

Nuclei

C

Sarcomeres

D

Actin

E

Myosin

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QuestionGroup: #41 Cardio

Assigned as

Homework

41

Which part of the circulatory system has the highest pressure?

A

Veins

B

Capillaries

C

Arteries

D

Aorta

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #42 Cardio2

Assigned as

Homework

42

Where do the electrical signals originate in your heart?

A

SA node

B

Internodal tracts

C

His-Purkinje System

D

AV node

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QuestionGroup: #43 Blood pressure

Assigned as

Homework

43

There was a horrific traffic accident and you run to help the victims. You feel a pulse from his carotid artery ,however the medic comes along and gets no blood pressure as he measures it from the arm. He claims the victim is dead. You think which of the following?

A

Medic is not correct since it is the difference between heart rate and blood pressure that determines life. No heart rate only means tha the sympathetics have stopped vasoconstricting the blood vessels.

B

Medic is correct since it is common to not have a blood pressure of 120/80 and no pulse due to stress as was discussed in class.

C

Medic is incorrect since there is a pulse. This means the person is still alive.

D

Medic is correct since there is no blood pressure there is no life.

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #44 Blood pressure2

Assigned as

Homework

44

Which side of the capillary bed has the higher oncotic pressure?

A

venous and lymph

B

arterial and lymph

C

lymph

D

venule side

E

arterial side

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QuestionGroup: #45 Capillaries

Assigned as

Homework

45

If the hydrostatic pressure is higher in the interstitial space rather than the capillary, which of the following will occur?

A

(2),(3)

B

(1),(2),(3)

C

(3) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the arterial end of the capillary

D

(2) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the venous end of the capillary

E

(1) No change in the hydrostatic pressure since this pressure is maintained regardless of external pressures.

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QuestionGroup: #46 Respiration/ ventilation

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46

The left atrium is damaged and is generating a great resistance to blood coming from pulmonary vein. What happens due to this pressure?

A

Back up of blood in the pulmonary artery which causes pulmonary capillary edema

B

Generation of back flow into the inferior vena cava

C

Generation of coronary artery edema

D

Back up of blood in the pulmonary vein which causes pulmonary capillary edema

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QuestionGroup: #47 Respiration/ventilation 2

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47

Edema in the pulmonary circulation refers to which of the following?

A

additional fluid in the trachea

B

additional interstitial fluid

C

additional surfactant

D

additional capillary fluid

E

additional intracellular fluid

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QuestionGroup: #48 Cell communication

Assigned as

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48

What is the definition of a signaling pathway?

A

All the proteins in the nucleus

B

All the cell molecules in the mitochondria

C

A group of genes that control mitosis

D

A specific chemical pathway that is activated by the ligand/receptor complex.

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QuestionGroup: #49 Hormone/ menstruation

Assigned as

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49

Which hormone directly causes ovulation?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

B

Lutenizing hormone

C

Progesterone

D

Estrogen

E

All of these