ANT 230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Phyletic Gradualism, Punctuated Equilibrium, Phylogenetic Tree

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One sex chooses which sex is going to be the best to mate with. Selection for traits that make males more attractive to females. Competition within a sex for another sex (typically males fighting for females) Usually takes a long time and often results in a new species. Small changes over time resulting in variation but not a new species. Classification is used to order organisms into categories to show evolutionary relationships. Organisms are classified first on the basis of physical similarities. Homologies: similarities based on a common ancestor. Characteristics aren"t based on things that don"t have an evolutionary relationship. Analogies: similarities based on a common function with no assumed common evolutionary decent. Homoplasy: separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in different groups of organisms. Example: the whale and the gray wolf are more closely related. Looking at homologous characteristics that exist in ancestors and can be traced down traced more in time.

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