ANT 230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Epigenome, Epigenetics, Weaning
ANT 230
4/25/16
❖ Human diet today
➢ Betwee 16 ad 63% if the worlds populatio is uderourished (ot eough food to sustai
daily living)
➢ Malnutrition refers to an inadequate amount of some key elements in the diet
➢ This greatly effects reproduction and infant survival
❖ Once adaptive, now maladaptive
➢ Ability to store fat
➢ An advantage when food availability often alternated between abundance and scarcity
➢ epideiological collisio: i coutries where alutritio ad infectious diseases collide with
obesity
❖ Factors influencing growth and development
➢ Genetics – set the underlying limitations
➢ Environment – influences growth and development but and individual cannot exceed their
genetic potential
➢ Hormones – growth hormone has an impact on almost every cell in the body – cortisol, elevated
during stress, suppresses normal immune function during high levels
➢ Epigenome – instructions that determine how genes are expressed in a cell
➢ Epigenetics – changes the phenotype by changing the way the genome is expressed
❖ Epigenetic therapy – stays away from destroying the cell, but rather just reactivating genes
❖ Environmental factors effecting growth and development
➢ Culture
➢ Altitude
➢ Climate
➢ Infectious diseases
❖ Look at twins in order to study the difference between environment and genetic influences
➢ Monozygotic twins (share 100% genetic makeup)
➢ Dizygotic twins (share 50% genetic makeup)
❖ The human life cycle *CHECK SLIDES FOR MORE DETAIL ON THESE STAGES*
➢ Prenatal – begins with conception and ends with birth
➢ Infancy – period of nursing
➢ Childhood – juvenile phase, period from weaning to sexual maturity (puberty in humans)
➢ Adolescence – from puberty to end of growth
➢ Adulthood – the completion of growth
➢ Menopause – beginning one full year after the last menstrual cycle
❖ Typical developmental patterns are shaped by natural selection
❖ Entire life course thought of as a series of trade-offs
❖ Post-reproductive stage is advantageous because they help pass on gene by ensuring that their
offspring survive and passing on culture and what not (kin selection)
❖ Menarche – when females get their first periods
➢ Factors effecting onset of puberty
▪ Genetics
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Betwee(cid:374) 16 a(cid:374)d 63% if the world(cid:859)s populatio(cid:374) is u(cid:374)der(cid:374)ourished ((cid:374)ot e(cid:374)ough food to sustai(cid:374) daily living) Malnutrition refers to an inadequate amount of some key elements in the diet. This greatly effects reproduction and infant survival. An advantage when food availability often alternated between abundance and scarcity (cid:858)epide(cid:373)iological collisio(cid:374)(cid:859): i(cid:374) cou(cid:374)tries where (cid:373)al(cid:374)utritio(cid:374) a(cid:374)d infectious diseases collide with obesity. Environment influences growth and development but and individual cannot exceed their genetic potential. Hormones growth hormone has an impact on almost every cell in the body cortisol, elevated during stress, suppresses normal immune function during high levels. Epigenome instructions that determine how genes are expressed in a cell. Epigenetics changes the phenotype by changing the way the genome is expressed. Epigenetic therapy stays away from destroying the cell, but rather just reactivating genes. Look at twins in order to study the difference between environment and genetic influences. The human life cycle *check slides for more detail on these stages*