ANT 230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Epigenome, Epigenetics, Weaning

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ANT 230
4/25/16
Human diet today
Betwee 16 ad 63% if the worlds populatio is uderourished (ot eough food to sustai
daily living)
Malnutrition refers to an inadequate amount of some key elements in the diet
This greatly effects reproduction and infant survival
Once adaptive, now maladaptive
Ability to store fat
An advantage when food availability often alternated between abundance and scarcity
epideiological collisio: i coutries where alutritio ad infectious diseases collide with
obesity
Factors influencing growth and development
Genetics set the underlying limitations
Environment influences growth and development but and individual cannot exceed their
genetic potential
Hormones growth hormone has an impact on almost every cell in the body cortisol, elevated
during stress, suppresses normal immune function during high levels
Epigenome instructions that determine how genes are expressed in a cell
Epigenetics changes the phenotype by changing the way the genome is expressed
Epigenetic therapy stays away from destroying the cell, but rather just reactivating genes
Environmental factors effecting growth and development
Culture
Altitude
Climate
Infectious diseases
Look at twins in order to study the difference between environment and genetic influences
Monozygotic twins (share 100% genetic makeup)
Dizygotic twins (share 50% genetic makeup)
The human life cycle *CHECK SLIDES FOR MORE DETAIL ON THESE STAGES*
Prenatal begins with conception and ends with birth
Infancy period of nursing
Childhood juvenile phase, period from weaning to sexual maturity (puberty in humans)
Adolescence from puberty to end of growth
Adulthood the completion of growth
Menopause beginning one full year after the last menstrual cycle
Typical developmental patterns are shaped by natural selection
Entire life course thought of as a series of trade-offs
Post-reproductive stage is advantageous because they help pass on gene by ensuring that their
offspring survive and passing on culture and what not (kin selection)
Menarche when females get their first periods
Factors effecting onset of puberty
Genetics
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Document Summary

Betwee(cid:374) 16 a(cid:374)d 63% if the world(cid:859)s populatio(cid:374) is u(cid:374)der(cid:374)ourished ((cid:374)ot e(cid:374)ough food to sustai(cid:374) daily living) Malnutrition refers to an inadequate amount of some key elements in the diet. This greatly effects reproduction and infant survival. An advantage when food availability often alternated between abundance and scarcity (cid:858)epide(cid:373)iological collisio(cid:374)(cid:859): i(cid:374) cou(cid:374)tries where (cid:373)al(cid:374)utritio(cid:374) a(cid:374)d infectious diseases collide with obesity. Environment influences growth and development but and individual cannot exceed their genetic potential. Hormones growth hormone has an impact on almost every cell in the body cortisol, elevated during stress, suppresses normal immune function during high levels. Epigenome instructions that determine how genes are expressed in a cell. Epigenetics changes the phenotype by changing the way the genome is expressed. Epigenetic therapy stays away from destroying the cell, but rather just reactivating genes. Look at twins in order to study the difference between environment and genetic influences. The human life cycle *check slides for more detail on these stages*

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