BIOLOGY 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Gestational Diabetes, Dietary Fiber, Sugar Substitute
Document Summary
A: insoluble fiber maintains reg bowel movements & soluble fiber helps keep blood sugar levels stable. Women, african americans, pacific islanders, latinos are 2-3x more likely to get diabetes compared to white males. Can lead to: pregnancy complications, high blood pressure, heart disease & stroke, kidney failure, blindness, nervous system damage, gangrene (leg, foot, toe amputations), death. Increased thirst, increased urination, fatigue, tingling in fingers/toes, unexplained weight loss. Problem: too much glucose dissolved in blood hypoglycemia. In healthy people, insulin stimulates cells to take up glucose from blood, and stimulates liver to take up glucose to convert to glycogen. Red blood cells preferentially use glucose as an energy source. Glucose homeostasis is maintained by insulin & glucagon. Problem: pancreas does not secrete enough insulin in response to increase in blood sugar. Autoimmune disease not associated with lack of exercise, being overweight etc. Immune system attacks beta islet cells as if they were pathogens.
