EEB 390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Founder Group, Allele Frequency, Zygosity

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Genetic drift: the process of random change in allele frequencies over time in finite populations. Alleles are selectively neutral (there is no fitness preference) Genetic drift causes heterozygosity in populations to decrease over time. Population bottlenecks: period of severe decrease in population size, floods, earthquake, fires, drought, disease, human effects, accelerates the pace of genetic drift on the population. Founder effect: occurs when a population descends from a small group of individuals who are not representative of the original larger population, reduced genetic variation, can ensue population bottlenecks. Leading edge expansion: process by which a species expands into a previously unoccupied area, melting of glaciers, individuals colonizing tend to come from the subpopulations nearest to the region. Paper #1: detecting genetic drift versus selection in human evolution. It is known that evolutionary processes have shaped rich phenotypic diversity, but unresolved is the forces causing it. The goal was to test hypotheses of evolutionary diversification in late pilocene and early.

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