HISTORY 244 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Aerodrome, Time Attack, Moshe Dayan

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26 Jun 2018
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10, The Six-Day War
I. Significance
Two other rivalries that fed arab-israeli tension
Rivalry between different arab states
Competed w one another until egypt felt itself trapped by its own public
rhetoric
Rivalry btw soviet union and US
Soviets helped push the arabs into war
Transformed the geography of the middle east
In 1967
Israel was content w staying within their borders
But arab attack provided an incentive and opportunity to take additional territories
to strengthen defensive position
Israel took remaining 22%
After war was over, israel was no longer 9 miles wide
No longer vulnerable to getting cut in half
Third clear cut israeli victory in 20 years
Vanquished israels fear of being annihilate
Transformed pal prospects
Looked for salvation in the arab states
Played role in precipitating war
Realized they had to stay on their own
After war began to create more independent org
Shift btw israel and arab states to arab and palestinians
This is how it remains today
Major turning point
II. Tensions to 1967
Until now, the most powerful state of egypt led by nasser
Cautious of dealing w israel
His forces had been mauled in ‘56
This memory urged caution
After israel withdrew from sinai, nasser agreed to keep limited forces in the sinai
peninsula
Allowed UN peacekeeping forces to remain in sinai
Began letting ships come to eilat
It was closed until ‘56
Opened gulf of aqaba
Nasser and other leaders found themselves obliged to take militant positions
The official position of egypt and all other states was that israel was illegitimate
Called openly to israel's destruction
March of 1957- said that the final account of israel will be in 5 years
Militancy and bold rhetoric reflects 2 dynamics
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Understandable sense of injustice, humiliation, and shame
Israel was seen as an alien entity imposed an unwilling arab world by
west
Military humiliation was an end to the humiliation to arab states,
Solution: liquidation of israel
The internal instability of most arab regimes
Reflected the novelty of most arab nation states
Had not yet have time to have workable institutions to build up
nationalism sense
In most of arab land there was no elections, most came to power by force
‘49-’67: over 20 military seizures
Many arab leaders felt insecure politically
The surest way to gain support was to take strong stand against israel
Leaders were expected to match words w deeds
1960s- military coup de tait put together military regime
Many people in the suni majority deeply resented this military domination
Foreign policy that would strengthen shaky claims to speak for all syrians
Hostility to israel became centerpiece
Syrian regime tried to block israels use of the jordan river
From golan heights- syrians gunned down israeli farmers in the gailele
‘63-’69: israel was led by levy eshkol
Weak shadow of ben gurion
Overreacted to arabs
Authorized aerial attacks on the golan heights
By early 67 full scale war btw israel and syria seemed like possibility
Arab leaders sought to prove their revolutionary credentials and enhance their popularity
by mocking the anti-israel commitments of anti arab regimes
The chief rivalry in arab world was btw radical pro soviet states (mainly egypt syria and
iraq) and pro western states (jordan and saudi arabia)
Cairo radio called king of jordan (US hassherheight whore) ??/
These taunts lef hussain to take an anti-israel position
Hussein said nasser was hiding behind UN
Hussein dared nasser to closer off the port of eilat
Helped set the stage for war
III. Soviets' Role
Finally pushed mideast over the cliff
The actions in combination with deliberate soviet provocations
A dominant faction in the soviet sought benefit in another arab israeli war
If arabs won- it would prove the value of soviet weapons
If lost- increase their dependence on sov union and make their military losses
Some argued soviets wanted a pretext for their own forces to invade israel
If they could entice israel w a war where they made the first move
Soviet would have reason to rush to arabs defense and destroy israels nuclear
facilities
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Document Summary

Two other rivalries that fed arab-israeli tension. Competed w one another until egypt felt itself trapped by its own public rhetoric. Soviets helped push the arabs into war. Transformed the geography of the middle east. Israel was content w staying within their borders. But arab attack provided an incentive and opportunity to take additional territories to strengthen defensive position. After war was over, israel was no longer 9 miles wide. No longer vulnerable to getting cut in half. Third clear cut israeli victory in 20 years. Looked for salvation in the arab states. Realized they had to stay on their own. After war began to create more independent org. Shift btw israel and arab states to arab and palestinians. Until now, the most powerful state of egypt led by nasser. His forces had been mauled in 56. After israel withdrew from sinai, nasser agreed to keep limited forces in the sinai peninsula. Allowed un peacekeeping forces to remain in sinai.

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