HONORS 232 Lecture Notes - Lecture 99: Inverted Pendulum, Foramen Magnum, Ardipithecus
Document Summary
Modern humans distinguished skeletally from the apes by. Large brain relative to body (but not at first, it got big in the last two million years) Dental differences, such as small incisors and canines (ardipithecus kadabba 5. 8. Habitual bipedalism (not a single trait, but many traits) Most primates, and pan in particular, are less efficient than the average quadruped in terrestrial walking quadruped. At slow speeds, humans spend less energy than predicted for an average. 2001 study shows humans in the top third of walking efficiency. Inverted pendulum (foot and hip), exchange of kinetic and potential energy. Step to step transition requires energy to redirect center of mass. Efficient bipedal walking requires longer strides, more extended hindlimb joints, and efficient energy transformation using pendulum-like mechanics. Carrying either weapons and tools, food, or provisioning in and between trees. What are the derived features of the first purported hominins? of.
