MCDB 427 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Nucleolus, Aspergillus Nuclease S1, Transfer Rna

40 views9 pages

purplebeaver856

21 Dec 2016

School

U of M

Department

Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology

Course

MCDB 427

Professor

Janine Maddock

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Directly look to see if you can observe under electron microscopy the kinds of shapes of dna molecules that we would expect if there was looping. This will work in simple cases meaning you need simple dna molecules and regulatory binding proteins. 3 different kinds of experiments were done with 3 different types of dna. You get the outcomes shown in the image. This is an important issue for eukaryotic gene regulation but it turns out that it happens in prokaryotic gene regulation. They are dna elements (sequences of dna) that are separate from the promoter but do promote and enhance (regulate) transcription of a given gene. In the above figure of a prokaryotic gene, there are 3 enhancers. They are not considered to be part of the to these and in so doing, they will influence the ability of the rnap to transcribe the gene the transcription starts. Another important feature is that they can work in any orientation.

Related Questions

In Eukaryotic transcription, what is the difference between an enhancer, a mediator, a coactivator and a trascriptional activator protein? In your answer, for each one include (a) if it's the term refers to a DNA sequence or a protein, and if it's a protein (b) if it interacts with DNA, with another protein, or with both. Also how are enhancers different from promoters in affecting gene transcription in eukaryotes? Make sure that you include in your discussion: (c) their relative position to the transcription initiation site; (d) the role of binding sites for proteins; (e) how each affects initiation and transcriptional regulation (in the latter, make a distinction between the core and the regulatory promoter

lilacseal677

1) in mammal's, the egg cell genome is unmethylated compared to the sperm cell and both are unmethylated compared to a somatic cell. Which cell has the most number of active genes?

2) list two eukaryotic gene regulation mechanisms that don't involve the promoter region?

3) if you were to inactivate DNA polymerase alpha what effect would it have and in what sort of organism?

4) what characteristics distinguish enhancers from other regulatory elements?

5) why don't eukaryotes use attenuation to regulate their genes?

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript

The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails

The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other

The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation

The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

QUESTION 10

If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the an enhancer for your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:

The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently

The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein

The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome

The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon

The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene

QUESTION 12

What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?

Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene

Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules

Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone

Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene

Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions

QUESTION 15

What is the histone code used for?

		Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted
		Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins
		Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form
		Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur
		The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide

MCDB 427 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Nucleolus, Aspergillus Nuclease S1, Transfer Rna

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

MCDB 427 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Antibody, Cytosol, Microinjection

MCDB 427 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Molecular Cloning, Affinity Chromatography, Peptide

MCDB 427 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Methyl Group, Chain-Growth Polymerization, Phosphodiester Bond

Related Questions