BIOL 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Antibiotics, Capsid, Tobacco Mosaic Virus

• School: UM Dearborn, UMD
• Department: Biological Science (BIOL)
• Course: BIOL 100
• Professor: Adler

Document Summary

They can either be spontaneous or induced: spontaneous mutations. A mutation that results without any outside influence. This is when a nucleotide changes its structure and this happens metabolically, and now this base may accidentally pair with an alternative base. Dna polymerase makes an error in replication. Errors are usually repaired during proofreading but if they are not repaired, they become permanent mutations. When chromosomes fail to separate properly (non-disjunction) Translocations can happen if crossing over occurs with the wrong chromosomes or at the wrong location: induced mutations. These are permanent changes that occur because of outside influence. They can alter the bonds in the nucleotides. Nitrous oxide converts a c into a u. Dna polymerase then mistakes the u for a t. It then incorporates an a and not a g. Depending on the mode of radiation, it causes different things.