BIOL 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Nuclear Pore, Chloroplast Dna, Nuclear Membrane

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Membrane-enclosed structures that contain a specific set of proteins and are specialized to perform different cellular functions. Homogenization in a butter leads to homogenate (extracted and lysed), then centrifuged for fractionation of cellular parts. Contains many metabolic pathways, protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton. Synthesis of most lipids, synthesis of proteins for distribution to many organelle and to the plasma membrane. Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion or delivery to another organelle. Atp synthesis and carbon fixation fusion by photosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells are large, organelles provide extra membrane surface for imp cellular functions. Organelles compartmentalize and separate cellular processes from one another which makes them more efficient. Nuclear membrane and er may have evolved thru invagination of plasma membrane. Theory explains why er continuous w/nuclear membrane. Mitochondria acquired by engulfment, theory explains why mitochondria have two membranes and do not participate in vesicular traffic. Transport through nuclear pores, transport across membranes, transport by vesicles.

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