BIOL 290 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Epistasis, Interactome, Lte (Telecommunication)
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Mutations and Evolution: Guest Speaker
Tuesday, September 18, 2018
4:00 PM
Base mutations= Point Mutations= Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
• Insertions
• Inversions
• Deletions
• Recombination
• Transposition: inner objects moving around to create changes
• Ecoli
• 4,377 genes
• 1 chromosome, haploid
• Humans:
• 20,000 genes
• 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Junk DNA
• No junk DNA, only junk scientists
• Has important functions
• If it has mutations, can lead to diseases such as cancer
• Long Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE)
• Nonselective conditions, and see if bacteria mutate (REL606)
• 6 ARA-, 6 ARA+; do we see mutations
• 3 had a higher mutation rate than normal: hypermutations (genes that were supposed to reverse
mutations were inactivated)
• After 300 days (2000 generations;) fitness (how rapidly they are dividing) had changed 37%
• Average cell volume increasing exponentially then leveling off (fitness increases than levels)
• Steven J
• Alteration of natural selection
• The observed effect vs. what is happening at the molecular level
• Multiple places (locations) to get increases/decreases
• Darwin
• Herbert Spencer:
• Survival of the fittest: The fittest is able to survive and reproduce more
• Citrate:
• Perservative; will bind certain positively charged atoms
• If mutation occurs, may allow to use more than citrate in few generations, and survive better
• 1 population had series of mutations that allowed it to then use citrate
• Other 11 populations does not have cit+ ability nor do they develop it