BIOL 2003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Endocrine System, Cell Signaling, Paracrine Signalling

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11 Oct 2018
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Signal binds to a receptor to elicit a cellular response. Allowing: 1) cells to sense and respond to environmental changes 2) cell-cell communicate. Only competent cells respond to signals (cells with receptors). Signaling pathways shut down when signal is gone (if not, cancer) Identical receptors coordinate activities throughout the multicellular organism. Signals are relayed between cells in five common ways: direct intercellular, contact-dependent, autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling (figure 9. 3). Three-stages of cell communication enzymes/structural proteins: cause fastest effect. Main point: different signaling pathways can affect each other. Binds to a receptor with an affinity that is measured as kd value. Rapid binding and release between receptor and ligand. The binding of a ligand to a receptor is usually very specific and alters the conformation of the receptor (figure 9. 5). Movement of water, ions, amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides. Coordinates cells to elicit a group response (coordination) Signal activation signal transduction signal amplification signal response signal deactivation.

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