CHEM 1062 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Chemical Reaction, Thermodynamics, Enthalpy
Document Summary
Chem 1062: lecture #24 second law of thermodynamics. Pv=nrt, which is also a function of temperature. A quantitative measure of disorder in a substance, relates to. A process is spontaneous if it causes the entropy of the universe to increase. Nature proceeds spontaneously towards states that have the highest probability of existing. For example, it is most probable that all the gas in a room will be evenly spread throughout the room rather than only on one side. Molecular energy levels: quantized, correspond to different types of motion in molecules, electronic, vibrational, rotational, transition. Widely spread energy (with only one energy level) with 6 molecules will all be in the same energy level because that is most probable and 0he only energy level for them to exist in. Closely spaced energy (with two energy levels) with 6 molecules has many ways to disperse the molecules, therefore the entropy is high because there are more options and opportunities for disorder.
