ESCI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Calcite, Cross-Bedding, Clastic Rock
Document Summary
Burial and diagenesis (the process of going from loose particles to being solid rock) Clastic: broken pieces, clay to boulder size (created by weathering and erosion) Chemical: precipitated from water (can be biologically catalyzed) Biogenic: shells and casts of organisms (body parts, coral reefs) Primary agents of sediment transportation: water, ice, air. Sorting by size since it is easier to move small grains than larger grains so the smaller grains will travel farther. Sediment maturing and the sediment grains becoming rounder. Immature sediment: not sorted by size, close to its source, sharp edges. Mature sediment: mostly feldspar and quartz because covalent bonding is strong so it weathers slowly and is deposited. Chemical weathering: slow reactions to form minerals that are more in equilibrium with surface conditions (converted to clays) Sediments are deposited on top of the crust, not within it. Younger sediments are deposited on top of older sediment. Sediments deposited at one time can vary horizontally.
