FSCN 2021 Lecture 1: 6 February -2
24 Feb 2019
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● Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
○ Small organelles, consisting of two subunits
○ The large subunit consists of 2 strands of rRNA and 34 protein molecules
○ The small subunit consists of 1 strand of rRNA and 21 protein molecules
○ The ribosome is roughly equal parts RNA and protein in terms of mass
○ Eukaryotic ribosomes are slightly larger than prokaryotic ribosomes (80S compared to 70S)
○ The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis
○ 16S rRNA was used and the sequences from every living organism!!! (not viruses)
● Carl Woese developed the Tree of Life
○ Made phylogenetic tree of life
■ Three domains found on the modern phylogenetic trees
■ Eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria
Microbial Classification
● Viroids
○ Smallest particle able to replicate
○ Made of a short, single strand of RNA with no capsid
○ Cause disease in plants
● Viruses
○ Acellular
○ Consist of DNA or RNA core
○ Core is surrounded by a protein coat
○ Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
○ Are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
● Acellular- Prions
● Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
○ Caused by a prion
■ Also causes Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (CJD)
■ New variant CJD in humans is related to cattle that have been fed sheep offal for protein
● Bacterial Endospores
○ The formation of a bacterial spore
● Bacteria: nutritional differences
○ Autotrophic or heterotrophic (CO2 or organic carbon)
○ Phototrophic or chemotrophic (ATP to light or chemical reactions to ATP)
● Archaea
○ Prokaryotic
○ Lack peptidoglycan
○ Live in extreme environments
○ Include
■ Methanogens
■ Extreme halophiles
■ Extreme thermophiles
● Fungi
○ Eukaryotes
○ Chitin cell walls
○ Use organic chemicals for energy
○ Molds and mushrooms are multicellular, consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of
filaments called hyphae
○ Yeasts are unicellular
Document Summary
The large subunit consists of 2 strands of rrna and 34 protein molecules. The small subunit consists of 1 strand of rrna and 21 protein molecules. The ribosome is roughly equal parts rna and protein in terms of mass. Eukaryotic ribosomes are slightly larger than prokaryotic ribosomes (80s compared to 70s) The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis. 16s rrna was used and the sequences from every living organism!!! (not viruses) Carl woese developed the tree of life. Three domains found on the modern phylogenetic trees. Made of a short, single strand of rna with no capsid. Core is surrounded by a protein coat. Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope. Are replicated only when they are in a living host cell. New variant cjd in humans is related to cattle that have been fed sheep offal for protein. Autotrophic or heterotrophic (co2 or organic carbon) Phototrophic or chemotrophic (atp to light or chemical reactions to atp)
