PLPA 2003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Diarrhea, Antibiotics, Ganges
Document Summary
Bronze age: after neolithic (new stone, (3300 bc-900 bc, bronze = (copper + tin). Use of metals for weapon: early writing, first major cities (mesopotamia) Iron age: 1200 bc 400 ad, initially actually softer than bronze, roman empire: iron weapon soldier, bronze o cer. Shortage: iron to be worked when hot. Bronze can be shaped when cold: replaced by steel, carbon added to iron (hill-fort- defensive formation) Roman cities: rome 280 ad, 1. 6 million population, largest city in the world, rome: advanced infrastructure for dealing with water, rome supplied by 11 aqueducts. Fresh water for drinking and bathing: private and public latrines utilized (e cient, lead low grade poisoning had e ect on roman empire/ collapse. %1: wastewater directed out of city by cloaca maxima into tiber river. Roman baths: high regard for personal hygiene. Medieval cities: not as sophisticated as earlier roman cities, most lacked sewage systems.
