BIOL 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Prophase, Cell Division, Fibroblast

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21 Nov 2017
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In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism. Mitosis meiosis notes: multicellular organisms depend on cell division for: A single dna molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) A number of dna molecules (common in eukaryotic cells) Dna molecules in a cell are packaged into chromosomes. Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus. Somatic cells (nonreproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes. Gametes (reproductive cells: sperm and eggs) have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells. Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of dna and protein that condenses during cell division. In preparation for cell division, dna is replicated and the chromosomes condense. Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division. The centromere is the narrow waist of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached. Gametes are produced by a variation of cell division called meiosis.

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