ENV 2400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Apicomplexa, Archaeplastida, Cercozoa
Document Summary
Evolution: change in heritable traits over time. Phylogeny: (cid:862)phulo(cid:374)(cid:863)- race or tribe, diversification of species via evolution. Taxonomy: taxis- arrangement, nomia- distribution, classification of organisms. Protists may be the oldest eukaryotic cells. Endosymbiosis: cell membrane pinched in on itself, created nucleus, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, aerobic bacteria absorbed and became mitochondria, photosynthetic bacteria became chloroplasts. Most taxonomic groups are monophyletic: all descendants from common ancestor, shared derived characteristics, distinguished from other groups. Protista is paraphyletic: contains whole branch except animal, plants, and fungi, defined by absence of characteristics. Yste(cid:373)ati(cid:272)s does(cid:374)"t like this: new molecular evidence. Excavata: diplimondadia, parabasalia, euglenozoa, euglenoids, kinetoplastids, percolozoa. Sar: stramenopiles (heterokonts, bacillariophyceae, chrysophyceae, phaeophyceae, oomycota, alveolata, dinoflagellata, apicomplexa, ciliophora, rhizaria, cercozoa, foraminifera, radiolaria. Archaeplastidae: rhodophyta, chlorophyta, charophyta, land plants. Unikanta: amoebozoans, slime molds, gymnamoebas, entamoebas, opisthokonts, holomycota, kingdom fungi, nuclearids, holozoa, choanoflagellates, kingdom animalia. Misfits: haptophytes, cryptophytes, cyanobacteria will be brought up in class, belongs in kingdom bacteria.
