BIOL 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Atomic Nucleus, Atomic Number, Radiocarbon Dating

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24 Oct 2018
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4 types of atoms make up 96% of all matter. Every element except hydrogen has more than one neutron in its nucleus. Masses are so small, use a special measurement called the dalton (da) The number of protons in an element does not vary, if the atomic number changes, so does the element. Isotopes are elements that have different numbers of neutrons. Atomic mass is an average of all masses of naturally occurring isotopes based on their abundance. Most isotopes are stable, but some are what are we call radioactive isotopes. Radioactive isotopes nuclei overtime decay, and release energy in the form of radiation. When it decays one of the neutrons will transform into a proton, therefore changing the element itself. Good for anthropology and dating objects found from millenia ago. Electrons move around atomic nucleus in specific regions called orbitals. Orbitals are grouped in levels called electron shells (smaller numbers are closer to nucleus).

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