PSY2012 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Latent Learning, Classical Conditioning, Observational Learning
Introduction to Psychology PSY2012
Objectives: Chapter 6
Learning
NOTE: Our coverage of this chapter will be limited to:
Edition 3 pp. 206-211, 215-224, 227-233
Edition 2 pp. 202-207, 211-220, 223-228
▪ Define learning and identify the five major types of learning.
- Learning is a relatively permanent change in thought or behavior that results
from experience
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Latent learning
- Observational learning (social learning)
- Insight learning
▪ Define classical conditioning and describe its four basic components.
- Form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral
stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic
response
- Founded by Ivan Pavlov
- Noticed his dogs showed a physiological response of salivation associated
with food
- Unconditioned stimulus: Stimulus that elicits an automatic response
- Unconditioned response: Automatic response to a stimulus that does not
need to be learned
- Conditioned stimulus: Initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response
due to association with an unconditioned stimulus
- Conditioned response: Response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
▪ Summarize the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery,
generalization, and discrimination.
- Acquisition: initial learning of an association between neutral stimulus and an
unconditioned stimulus; Learning phase during which a conditioned response
is established
- Extinction: repeated presentation of CS without UCS will eventually eliminate
response to CS; gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned
response
- Spontaneous recovery: happens when CS briefly regains its power to elicit
the response; sudden reemergence of an extinct CS; quick because already
learned
- Generalization: process by which CS similar, but not identical, to the original
conditioned response; occurs along a gradient; the more similar to the original
CS the new CS is, the stronger the CR will be
- Discrimination: developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus
by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulus
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Document Summary
Note: our coverage of this chapter will be limited to: 202-207, 211-220, 223-228: define learning and identify the five major types of learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in thought or behavior that results from experience. Insight learning: define classical conditioning and describe its four basic components. Form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response. Noticed his dogs showed a physiological response of salivation associated with food. Unconditioned stimulus: stimulus that elicits an automatic response. Unconditioned response: automatic response to a stimulus that does not need to be learned. Conditioned stimulus: initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response due to association with an unconditioned stimulus. Conditioned response: response elicited by a conditioned stimulus: summarize the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination.
