ANTH 242 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Nuclear Dna, Allosome, Karyotype
Document Summary
To understand human variation, we must understand: the chemistry of genes, the process of inheritance, genetics at the population level. Genetic basis of variation: variation = inheritance + environment, prokaryote vs. eukaryote. Eukaryote: many cells: somatic cells vs. gametes. Gametes: sex cells ( important ones for evolution and such) Complete set is the genome: mitochondrial dna. Make atp (energy: dna structure, double helix. During cell division, nuclear dna is tightly coiled into structures called chromosomes. Homologous pairs: 22 identical chromosomes, sex chromosomes do(cid:374)"t (cid:272)ou(cid:374)t. Sex chromosomes: 23rd pair, x and y (xy=male; xx=female) 2 main goals of dna: replication. Free-floating nucleotides join up to the template strand. 2 identical daughter diploid cells with 46 chromosomes each. Anything besides sex cells goes through this (somatic cells) End up with four unique cells because crossing over and recombination. Results in unique daughter cells due to: crossover, recombination. Gene linkage: based on location on the chromosome.
