HIST 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Immigration And Nationality Act Of 1965, Immigration Act Of 1924, Bracero Program
Changing Electorate
Voting Rights Act, 1965- black Southern vote aligned Democratic
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Rise of the independent voter- 1968 Wallace, 1980 Anderson, 1992 Perot
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1965 Immigration Act- political power of ethnic groups (Polish, Italian, Greek,
Jewish) and idea of cultural pluralism, ended uneven national quotas of 1924
Ends the uneven and racially determined national quotas that had been in
place since 1924
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The national quotas are dropped
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Also creates a border and quota for the Western hemisphere where there
had not been one before
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Border with Mexico then becomes different
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Background
1917 Act created "Asiatic Barred Zone"- Chinese already excluded
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1924 Immigration Act- Set national origins quotas based on 2 percent of the
population in 1890, total restriction cap in Eastern Hemisphere of 150,000
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Western Hemisphere exemption- no numerical restriction cap (Canada, Mexico,
Latin America)
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Racial exclusion and national quotas are in place!
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Bracero Program
1924 Immigration Act- Western Hemisphere open
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WWI migration and 1920s
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Great Depression- enforce harder border and deportation of undocumented
workers
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WWII and Bracero Program executive order 1942
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1950s Change- Cold War
Prioritize special occupations and skills in immigration and families of US
citizens, these exempt from restriction- "non quota"
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Ended racial "Asiatic Barred Zone" and ban on citizenship
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1951 bracero program law- 2 year, renewed until 1964
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Bar communists and those with "subversive" intent
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1965 Immigration Act
170,000 Eastern Hemisphere per year restriction (20,000 per country)- ended
national origins quotas
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New: Western Hemisphere restriction of 120,000 a year
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1976 amendment: 20,000 per country limit extended to Western Hemisphere
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1965 Hart Celler Act- political power of ethnic groups (Polish, Italian, Greek,
Jewish) and idea of cultural pluralism ended uneven national quotas of 1924
What constitutes the American citizen?
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Symbol of acceptance for more ethnic groups across the country
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No one true ideal American to which all other Immigrants must blend
themselves to and try to become
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Attempts to establish equality of countries across the world
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However, this does still utilize the numbers quota systems (although they did
change)
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Political Changes
Race/exclusion to cultural pluralism
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Assimilation to multicultural diversity
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Multiculturalism and Politics
Monday, April 16, 2018
1:32 PM
