PSYC 287 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Psychoticism, Agreeableness, Extraversion And Introversion

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12 Oct 2017

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UsingPersonalityTraitstoUnderstandBehavior



● Personalityassessments(recap)

○ aggregation

○ consistencyacrosstimeandsituations

○ consistencyacrossraters

● Traitspredictbehavior

● Traitscanbeusedtounderstandbehavior

● ConnectingTraitswithBehavior

○ Singletraitapproach

○ Manytraitapproach

○ Essentialtraitapproach

○ Typologicalapproach

●Singletraitapproach:

○ whatdopeopleliketodo?

■ examinecorrelationsbetweenonetraitanditsmanyassociated

behaviors

● conscientiousness

○ responsible,committed,ethical,dependable,

eventempered

○ notnecessarilypopularorcreative

○ predictsjobperformance

○ predictssuccessincollege

○ positivelycorrelatedwithyearsofschooling

○ morelikelytosufferifunemployed

○ predictslongerlifeexpectancy

■ avoidriskybehaviors

■ protectionagainstrisk

■ engageinhealthpromotingbehaviors

● narcissism

○ charming,makegoodimpression

■ can’tbackupsuperiorityinlittletimesouse

shortcutbybraggingandbehavinginawaythatis

superiorandalienatingpeople

○ manipulative,overbearing,vain,etc.

○ highinleadership/authority

○ butdon’thandlefailurewell

● selfmonitoring

○ innerrealitycomparedtoexternalpersonality

■ lowselfmonitors:

● selfdirected,integrity,consistent,honest,

independent

● alsoinflexibleandstubborn

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● lookwithinforcluesabouthowtofeel

■ highselfmonitors:

● carefullysurveysituationandadjust

behaviortoit

● adaptable,popular,sensitive

● alsowishywashy,cancauseisolation,

hostility,depression

● looktoenvironmentforcluesabouthowto

feel

○ thinkjokesarefunnierwithalaugh

track

● Manytraitapproach: 

○ whodoesthatimportantbehavior?

■ examinecorrelationsbetweenonebehaviorandmanytraits

○ delayofgratification

■ MARSHMALLOWTEST

■ necessaryforachievingmanyimportantgoals

■ sexdifferencesandsimilarities

■ egocontrol:selfcontrolorinhibition

■ egoresiliency:psychologicaladjustment

○ drugabuse

■ restless,fidgety,emotionallyunstablenearly10yearsearlier

○ depression

■ predictableinadolescencebasedonage7

● males:aggressive,undercontrolled,unsocialized

● females:shy,reserved,overcontrolled,selfpunishing

○ politicalorientation

■ predictableinnurseryschool

● Essentialtraitapproach:

○ whichtraitsarethemostimportant?

○ theoreticalapproachestoreducingthemanytoafew

■ block:egocontrolandegoresiliency

○ factoranalyticapproachestoreducingthemanytoafew

■ eysenck:extraversion,neuroticism,psychoticism

■ tellegen:positiveemotionality,negativeemotionality,constraint

■ cattell:16essentialtraits

○ discoveryoftheBIGFIVE

■ factoranalysis

● conscientiousness

● extraversion

○ adv:

■ higherstatus,morepopularandphysically

attractive,experiencemorepositiveemotions

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PSYC 287 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Psychoticism, Agreeableness, Extraversion And Introversion

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