QUESTION 32
What did the old tort theorists conclude was the overriding question that the “old law” asked, in accord with their assumptions regarding it?
| | How did one know when a customer must be identified as the recipient of the costs? |
| | How did the parties agree to allocate the costs of the accident? |
| | How would a party know when it would have to pay uncovered liabilities? |
| | How would a party know in what cases it was supposed to insure itself? |
0.5 points
QUESTION 33
Huber discusses “the Founders,” meaning:
| | The original theorists of ecology |
| | The Founding Fathers |
| | The founders of modern tort law |
| | The first moral theorists |
0.5 points
QUESTION 34
A crucial case for Huber is the defective Shopsmith in:
| | Posner |
| | Greeman |
| | Prosser |
| | Calabresi |
0.5 points
QUESTION 35
Why does Dowie think that Ford’s cost-benefit analysis is a moral problem?
| | It places a dollar value on human life. |
| | It is dishonest and includes lies about the Pinto's safety. |
| | It shows that Ford made the Pinto unsafe on purpose. |
| | Dowie doesn't actually think that Ford was morally wrong. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 36
Werhane’s main point about the Pinto case is that:
| | Ford was completely innocent of wrongdoing. |
| | A powerful narrative like Dowie’s article can bring the truth to a wider audience. |
| | Ford was completely responsible for the deaths caused by Pintos. |
| | A powerful narrative like Dowie’s article can skew our perception of the facts. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 37
Thomson considers this rule: liability is to be shared between the actual harm-causer and anyone else who acted:
| | Reasonably |
| | Justly |
| | Negligently |
| | Defensively |
0.5 points
QUESTION 38
Thomson outlines three things a plaintiff must show in order to win his case. All of the following are discussed EXCEPT:
| | The plantiff suffered from harm or loss. |
| | An act or omission of the defendant caused the harm or loss. |
| | The defendant is at fault in so acting or refraining from acting. |
| | None of the above. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 39
Ciulla contends that the failure of leaders:
| | Can be excused. |
| | Are often exaggerated. |
| | Seem more "extravagant" than those of nonleaders. |
| | Carry more "weight" than those of nonleaders. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 40
Ciulla argues that American writers used to pay more attention to the moral virtues of leaders than to:
| | Their chiseled features. |
| | Their personality traits. |
| | Their victories and successes. |
| | Their hopes and dreams. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 41
Ciulla points out that while history portrays many leaders as winners, what is rarely questioned?
| | The intentions of the leader. |
| | The ideological motives. |
| | The needs of the leader. |
| | All of the above. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 42
Which is the area in which leaders must be more “meticulous,” according to Ciulla, than ordinary people?
| | Consistency |
| | Truthfulness |
| | Legal Record |
| | Personal Relationships |
0.5 points
QUESTION 43
We often characterize leaders, in Ciulla’s view, according to what?
| | Their ability to stay out of conflict. |
| | Their ability to benefit the most people. |
| | Their ability to lead. |
| | Their ability to bring about change. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 44
Robinhoodism is what, for Ciulla?
| | Stealing from the poor and giving to the middle class. |
| | Leading a brand of social "rebels" motivated by social privileges. |
| | A type of Machiavellianism. |
| | All of the above. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 45
When Machiavelli uses the metaphor of “the lion,” he is referring to what?
| | Destroying the strategy of an opponent. |
| | Courage. |
| | Using fear as a weapon. |
| | Using love to motivate one's soldiers. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 46
According to Machiavelli, when “a Prince is with his army, and has many soldiers under his command,” he needs a certain reputation to keep his command together. He needs a reputation for:
| | Kindness |
| | "The Beast" |
| | Cruelty |
| | Morality |
0.5 points
QUESTION 47
Is it better to be loved or feared, according to Machiavelli, and why?
| | Feared, because that depends on the Prince and the people. |
| | Loved, because that depends on the Prince alone. |
| | Loved, because that depends on the Prince and the people. |
| | Feared, because that depends on the Prince alone. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 48
Machiavelli insists that the Prince should “do his utmost to escape”:
| | Harm |
| | Power |
| | Enemies |
| | Hatred |
0.5 points
QUESTION 49
Machiavelli would argue that for the Prince, lying is:
| | Never expedient. |
| | Always wrong. |
| | Always good. |
| | Sometimes necessary. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 50
Ludwig and Longenecker use the story of David and Bathsheba as a lesson in what, as it applies to being in a position of leadership?
| | Success |
| | Chastity |
| | Temptation |
| | Delegation |
