NUTR 244 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Glycemic Load, Glycemic Index, Blood Sugar
Document Summary
Hormones control blood glucose levels: insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Secreted by the adrenal glands and nerve endings when there is low blood glucose. Responsible for fight-or-flight : cortisol and growth hormone. Secreted by adrenal glands to act on the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Cortisol increases gluconeogenesis and decreases muscle glucose use. Growth hormone decreases muscle glucose uptake, increases fatty acid mobilization and use, and increases liver glucose output. Glycogenesis formation of glycogen from glucose molecules. Lipogenesis formation of triglyceride from excess glucose molecules (stored in liver and adipose tissue) Glycogenolysis breakdown of glycogen -> glucose. Gluconeogenesis conversion of amino acids to glucose by the liver. A rating of the potential of foods to raise blood glucose and insulin levels. High gi foods cause an increase in blood glucose which leads to a large increase in insulin followed by a big drop in sugar. Low gi cause low to moderate fluctuations in blood glucose.
