BIOL 4220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Scratch Reflex, Stretch Reflex
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Neural Pathways
• Physiological pathways
Sensory pathways
Motor pathways
Emotional pathways
• Neurochemical (neurotransmitter) pathways
Ach (acetylcholine)
NE (norepinephrine)
5-HT (serotonin)
DA (dopamine)
Glu (glutamate)
GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid)
Endorphin
Gly (glycine)
• Mental disorders
Caused by dysfunction of the neurotransmitter system
Correlated with neurotransmitter pathways
Treat mental disorder
Target neurotransmitter system
Neural connections (connections between neurons)
Made possible by neurotransmitters
Broken neurotransmitter system
Broken neural connections
Broken physiological circuitry
Broken psychological behavior
Spinal cord
• Regulate reflexes
• Coordinate fore- & hind-limb movements
• Integrate sensory signals from fore- & hind limbs
Reflexes
• Knee-jerk reflex (stretch reflex)
Maintain upright posture
• Scratch reflex
Irritation of skin => scratch
• Pain withdrawal reflex