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CHEM 1110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Fluorine, Nonmetal, Oxidation State

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15 Sep 2016

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Dilution the lowering of the concentration of a solution. What you have before the dilution takes place. Oxidation/reduction reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reaction to another. Oxidation is when it loses an electron and becomes a more positively charged product. Reduction is when it gains an electron and becomes a more negatively charged product. Oxidation numbers how we track the electrons that are transferred from one reactant to another. Oxidation rules: for atoms in it"s elemental form the oxidation number is always zero, for monatomic ions the oxidation number equals the ionic charge, for non metals, oxidation number of oxygen in both ionic and molecular compounds. Other halogens (cl, br, i) have an oxidation number of -1 in most binary compounds. When combined in oxyanions they have positive oxidation numbers: the sume of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a neutral compound is zero.

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Related Questions

If you could answer the rest of Question 1 from the 6th and 7th picture and then Question 3 from the 8th and 9th picture

11 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Introduction We encounter oxi uction reactions every day Examples include the combustion of coal natural gas, oil, and gasoline, the operation of automobile's battery and the sains by a Although there are a variety of oxidation-reduction reactions .when you compare a number of you can some common featu Each these of simultaneous oxidation and reduction because electrons are lost by one atom and gained by another one. Moreover, the reactants include an agent and a reducing agent always lost agent and gained by the oxidizing agent (Ebbing/Gammon, Section 4.5) Purpose You will begin by preparing aqueous solutions of three halogens: Cl2, Bra, and Iz. You will prepare these substances in solution from stoichiometric quantities of certain oxidizing and agents. By observing the effect ofthese halogens on the corresponding halides (CI,Br, and you will be able the halogens according to their oxidizing strengths and the halides according to their reducing strengths. Your subsequent observations on the reactions of two halides, Br and I with two common oxidizing agents will enable you to rank the latter according to their oxidizing strengths. You will also find that the products obtained from an oxidation-reduction reaction in an acidic solution can differ markedly from those obtained in a basic solution. Finally, and most important, you will write a balanced equation for each reaction that you have observed The Halogens and the Halides You will deal with halogens and halides in each part ofthis experiment. A brief description of some of their properties will enable you to understand some of your observations more easily. The halogens are found in Group VIIA of the periodic table. The members of this group are fluorine (F) chlorine (CI, bromine (B), iodine (i) and astatine these elements belong to the same 12, group, have many similar properties. For example, their elemental diatomic (F2.cl. Br2, they Atal, and each of them is an oxidizing agent. This experiment uses only Cl, Bra, and Iz, however, because F is such a strong oxidizing agent that special conditions are required for its study and because astatine is radioactive. Aqueous solutions ofcl, be prepared either by dissolving these elements in water or by generating them in Br, reactions. Aqueous solutions of these halogens are solution as products of certain oxidation-reduction respectively. Each called chlorine water, brominee and iodine thickness solution. has its own characteristic color, depending on the concentration and red-brown to water is colorless to yellow; bromine water is yellow to red-brown; and iodine water is brown These halogens are also soluble in cyclohexane (C6H12, a substance that is itselfinsoluble in water. layer When cyclohexane is added to an aqueous solution of a halogen, two layers are formed. The upper is cyclohexane, because it is insoluble and less dense than water. A portion of the halogen passes from the aqueous layer to the upper cyclohexane layer (a process called extraction). A characteristic color is then imparted to this layer. The color ofa halogen in cyclohexane differs somewhat from its color in an aqueous solution, as you will discover during the experiment. be scanned, copied or duplicated or possed toa publicly accessible webwie, iawhole or in Cengage Leaming All Rights Resened c 2013

1.
Which of the following is true of a cation?
A) it has equal numbers of protons and electrons
B) it has fewer protons than electrons
C) it has more protons than electrons
D) the relationship between protons and electrons depends on thespecific cation
2.
Which is most likely true for an atom with six valenceelectrons?
A) it will gain one electron
B) it will gain two electrons
C) it will lose one electron
D) it will lose two electrons
3.
Which is most likely true for an atom with one valenceelectron?
A) it will gain one electron
B) it will gain two electrons
C) it will lose one electron
D) it will lose two electrons
4.
Which of the following atoms is least likely to form an ion?
A) fluorine
B) magnesium
C) silicon
D) sodium
5.
For which of the following atoms do we not try to apply the octetrule?
A) oxygen
B) nickel
C) sodium
D) xenon
6.
Which of the following is likely to form an ion with the largestpositive charge?
A) potassium
B) calcium
C) aluminum
D) silicon
7.
Which of the following is likely to form an ion with the mostnegative charge?
A) aluminum
B) sulfur
C) chlorine
D) argon
8.
Which of the following ions has the same electronic configurationas neon?
A) Mg2+
B) F -
C) both (a) and (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
9.
What is the name of the species formed when a sodium atom loses anelectron?
A) sodate
B) sodide
C) sodium
D) sodium ion
10.
What is the name of the species formed when a bromine atom gains anelectron?
A) bromate
B) bromide
C) bromine
D) bromine ion
11.
Which of the following endings is generally associated with amonatomic anion?
A) ...ade
B) ...ate
C) ...ic
D) ...ide
12.
If the name of an ion ends in "ate" what type of ion is it mostlikely to be?
A) a monatomic anion
B) a monatomic cation
C) a polyatomic anion
D) a polyatomic cation
13.
The preferred name for HSO4- is hydrogen sulfate. What is thecommon name for this ion?
A) bisulfate
B) disulfate
C) bisulfide
D) disulfide
14.
Which pair of species is most likely to form an ionic bond?
A) two electrically neutral species
B) two electrically charged species, one positive and onenegative
C) two negatively charged species
D) two positively charged species
15.
Which of the following situations is most likely to result information of a covalent bond?
A) when an electrically positive species interacts with anelectrically negative species
B) when two nonmetallic elements interact to form a compound
C) when two electrically negative species interact
D) when two electrically positive species interact
16.
Which of the following statements is generally true aboutelectronegativity?
A) electronegativity decreases as we move left to right anddecreases as we move top to bottom
B) electronegativity decreases as we move left to right andincreases as we move top to bottom
C) electronegativity increases as we move left to right anddecreases as we move top to bottom
D) electronegativity increases as we move left to right andincreases as we move top to bottom
17.
For which of the following pairs are the atoms most likely to forman ionic bond with each other?
A) carbon and oxygen
B) calcium and chlorine
C) chlorine and oxygen
D) sodium and magnesium
18.
What is the formula of the compound formed by magnesium andiodine?
A) MgI
B) MgI2
C) MgI3
D) Mg2I
19.
What is the formula of the compound formed between the ammonium ionand the carbonate ion?
A) NH4CO3
B) NH4(CO3)2
C) (NH4)2CO3
D) (NH4)3CO3
20.
What is the formula of the compound formed between the magnesiumion and the acetate ion?
A) MgC2H3O2
B) Mg2C2H3O2
C) Mg(C2H3O2)2
D) Mg(C2H3O2)3
21.
What is the correct name for KI?
A) monopotassium monoiodide
B) potassium iodine
C) potassium iodide
D) potassium ion iodine ion
22.
A compound used to treat manic depressives has the formula Li2CO3.Which of the following is the correct name for this compound?
A) dilithium carbonate
B) lithium carbon trioxide
C) lithium carbonate
D) lithium carboxide
23.
Which of the following bonds is the most polar?
A) H__F
B) H__Cl
C) H__Br
D) H__I
24.
How many electrons are associated with a double bond?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
25.
How many bonds does a carbon atom typically form?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
26.
Laughing gas, sometimes called nitrous oxide, has the formula N2O.What is the proper chemical name for nitrous oxide?
A) nitrogen oxide
B) nitrogen dioxide
C) dinitrogen oxide
D) dinitrogen oxygen
27.
Which of the following is the correct formula for dinitrogenpentoxide?
A) O2N5
B) O5N2
C) N2O5
D) N5O2
28.
What is the proper chemical name for water?
A) dihydrogen oxide
B) dihydrogen oxygen
C) hydrogen oxide
D) hydrogen oxygen
29.
To use the VSEPR model to determine the geometry of a molecule weneed to know which of the following?
A) the number of atoms in the molecule
B) the number of atoms bonded to the central atom
C) the number of lone pairs around the central atom
D) both (b) and (c)
30.
What bond angle is most closely associated with a tetrahedraldistribution of electron density?
A) 90o
B) 109.5o
C) 120o
D) 180o
31.
What bond angle is most closely associated with a trigonal planardistribution of electron density?
A) 90o
B) 109.5o
C) 120o
D) 180o
32.
What bond angle is most closely associated with a lineardistribution of electron density?
A) 90o
B) 109.5o
C) 120o
D) 180o
33.
Which of the following molecules is best described as having anearly tetrahedral distribution of electron density?
A) BeCl2
B) OF2
C) SnCl2
D) none of these
34.
In which of the following molecules does the carbon atom have alinear distribution of electron density?
A) C2H2
B) C2H4
C) C2H6
D) none of these
35.
Which of the following is true for the molecule O=C=S?
A) it is nonpolar because it contains only double bonds
B) it is polar because the polarities of the O=C and C=S do notcancel
C) it is polar because it has a bent shape
D) it is nonpolar because it is linear