HHP 2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Body Composition, Hip Fracture
3 May 2018
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Functional health
• Ability to do the physical activities one wants to do without pain or limitation
o Definition is different for everyone
• Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
• Negatively affected by:
o Low Musculoskeletal health
▪ Low mass and poor function
o Low aerobic capacity, poor balance, lack of social support/networks
• PA and falls?
o Being more physically active can reduce fall risks
How to lower the risk of falls?
• Balance training and muscle strengthening
o 3x/week for 30 min
o Walking backwards/sideways/
Walking on heels/toes
sit and stand
o Supported progressing to non-supported
• Moderate walking
o 2+ times/week, total of 60 minutes
• Tai Chi- may prevent falls
o 1-3x/week
Take home points:
• Inverse relationship between PA/exercise and risk of hip fractures
• Active 36-68% lower risk of hip fracture
• Regular PA able to increase bone density 1-2%
• No direct evidence that moderate PA increase arthritis
• PA provide protection of musculoskeletal health
o Decrease pain, increase physical function, increase Quality of life (QOL), increase mental
health
• Refer to Table in 7.1 in your text- muscle and bone strengthening exercises
• Prevention aim to meet the PA Guidelines
Obesity and Overweight
• Significant changes over the last 40 years
• Obesity in 2016
o Incredibly common (29.6% obese, 35.2% overweight)
o Incredibly difficult to treat
o Even more incredibly difficult to prevent
How do we assess fatness and body composition?
• Body Mass Index (BMI): factor of height and weight (screening tool)- cannot distinguish fat and
lean masses
o [Weight (kg)] / [Height (m)2]
Range
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Document Summary
Functional health: ability to do the physical activities one wants to do without pain or limitation, definition is different for everyone, activities of daily living (adl, negatively affected by, low musculoskeletal health. Low mass and poor function: low aerobic capacity, poor balance, lack of social support/networks, pa and falls, being more physically active can reduce fall risks. How to lower the risk of falls: balance training and muscle strengthening, 3x/week for 30 min, walking backwards/sideways/ Walking on heels/toes sit and stand: supported progressing to non-supported, moderate walking, 2+ times/week, total of 60 minutes, tai chi- may prevent falls, 1-3x/week. Obesity and overweight: significant changes over the last 40 years, obesity in 2016. Incredibly difficult to treat: even more incredibly difficult to prevent. How do we assess fatness and body composition: body mass index (bmi): factor of height and weight (screening tool)- cannot distinguish fat and lean masses. Overweight and obesity defined (world health organization 2000)
