ANTH 204 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Lake Titicaca, Animal Husbandry, Flute

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Indigenous people have been systematically segregated, marginalized, and oppressed. Coastal cities, speak spanish, and have western culture and worldview. Mestizo: people of mixed heritage (european and amerindian). Campesino economy and culture: subsistence farming and animal husbandry (llamas and alpacas). Harsh conditions of extreme altitude limit agricultural production. Indigenous spiritual beliefs and practices: animists (natural objects are alive with supernatural powers). Spiritual relationships with local deities (pachamana) and spirits of ancestors maintained. Hybridized catholicism (indigenous beliefs incorporated in complex ways) Collective effort (individuals should not stand out in public). All community members can join ensemble (regardless of musical ability or knowledge). Performers face each other in small circles (they don"t face an audience on a stage). Homogeneous sound so that the group sounds like a single instrument. Campesino music: community ensembles perform at local festivals. Friendly and informal competition (winner attracts largest crowd and plays longest). Ensemble (tropa) members play one instrument type in different pitch ranges (with percussion).

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