BIOL 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Synonymous Substitution, Exon Shuffling, Gene Duplication
Document Summary
Synonymous mutations can sometimes influence phenotype: codon bias- the preference of one codon versus others for the same amino acid, scientist determined this by. Making ton of synonymous changes to the coding region of the gfp. Determined that using optimal codons isn"t as important as using an optimal 5" sequence (so the ribosome can bind and proceed efficiently) Important: the effect of synonymous mutations on phenotype is more attributable to secondary structure at the 5" end that it is to codon bias. Codon bias is characteristic of each organism and can affect heterologous gene expression: 2 example of this, typhimurium codon usage for ph2. This shows that in some organism they will greatly prefer using one codon instead of another, but in others it is about even. Morphological complexity evolves by adding new gene functions. Pseudogenes are nonfunctional gene copies that come in two varieties: processed pseudogenes result from reverse transcription and integration of mrna transcripts.
