NURS 461 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Human Placental Lactogen, Caudal Regression Syndrome, Gestational Diabetes
Document Summary
The body cannot produce/utilize adequate insulin to regulate blood glucose levels (insulin normally enables glucose to move from the blood into the cells). Cells are energy depleted so they breakdown protein and fat. Symptoms: polyuria, polydypsia, polyphasia, weight loss. Gfr of glucose increases (transient glycosuria is common). Rate of insulin is increased in pregnancy. Increasing insulin resistance r/t hormones (human placental lactogen, cortisol) At week 24, will need to increase exogenous insulin. Diabetes affects blood vessels, concern for placenta: early pregnancy, rise in hormones which work to increase insulin production by maternal pancreas. So should increase glycogen storage in liver and other tissues. Late pregnancy, cortisol and human placental lactogen cause insulin resistance. 2-3 x more likely to have pregnancy resulting in fetal death: risks of diabetes during pregnancy. Diabetes classification: type 1: usually see absolute destruction of beta cells with absolute insulin deficiency, type 2: usually occurs because of insulin resistance combined with some insulin deficiency.
