NURS 471 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Pia Mater, Head Injury, Hyperventilation

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12 Apr 2017
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Under normal conditions, the normal intracranial pressure is constant. degree to which icp increases/decreases depends on brains ability to adapt to changes. Balance between brain tissue, blood, & csf maintain the icp. Some factors that influence the icp: arterial pressure, venous pressure, intraabdominal & intrathoracic pressure, posture, stimulation/emotion, temperature: elevated temp -> increase icp, blood gases (co2 levels particularly) Normally less than 15mm hg -> normal is 5-15. Any increase in blood, csf, or brain tissue will increase icp unless there is an equivalent decrease in another. Primary culprit of increased icp is cerebral edema. Can be measured in the ventricles, subarachnoid space, subdural space, or brain tissue using a pressure transducer that is sutured in. Sustained increase > 15mmhg = intracranial htn. Marked increases in icp can decrease cpp & therefore cerebral blood flow (cbf) to the point of producing regional/general ischemia.

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