NRS 310 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Fetus, Absenteeism, Task Management
Multicultural-Social Determinates of Health
• Health: physical, mental, and social well-being
• “positive health: a healthy ody, high-quality personal relationships, a sense of purpose in life,
and resilience to stress, trauma, and change.
• Relationship Between Social and Biological Factors
o The result of chronic stress is increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and altered
reflexes as well as other biological responses.
o repeated activation of the fight or flight response may be responsible for some of the
social differences in creating variables which are precursors of ill health and disease
o A variety of factors, such as age when stressed, duration and intensity of stress
exposure, and individual resilience may serve to enhance or limit the long-term impact
of the stress pathway
• History of Studying Social Determinates of Health
o There are strong associations between grade levels (pay grade which indicates level of
authority in the organization) of civil servant employment and mortality rates from a
range of causes.
o stress due to the psychosocial work environment predicts rates of sickness absenteeism,
ad that ehaed otrol of task aageet ad support ould have eefiial
effets, suh as ireasig produtivity ad iprovig eployee health and well-being
• The Life Course Theory
o Life course epidemiology is the study of logter iologial, ehavioral, ad
psychosocial processes that link adult health and disease risk to physical or social
exposures acting during gestation, childhood, adolescence, earlier in adult life or across
geeratios
o Exposure which occurs at a critical time and has a permanent effect on the fetus or
infant.
o Exposure at a critical developmental moment, but the effect remains latent unless or
until there is an exposure or triggering event later in life.
o risks accumulate gradually over the course of life but does not discount the increased
impact that an exposure can have at a critical time
o The accumulation of risk is dependent upon the frequency intensity, and duration of
exposure
▪ Risk factors can be independent or clustered
o Pathway Model: Each exposure in the chain may or not lead to a subsequent exposure
to another risk
▪ Social accumulation: continuation of social circumstances from parental
situations, to social conditions in childhood and adolescence, and eventually to
the adult social status.
• Theory of Vulnerability
o
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