GEOL 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Outer Core, Geothermal Gradient

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Isotropic: the hypothetical idea that earth"s layers have no changes in pressure. In this world, seismic waves would go straight across the earth (but it"s composition not) Earth"s layers: crust, mantle, liquid outer core, solid inner core. Refract: seismic waves bend (or refract) because different rocks have different. P and s waves have the ability to be reflected (bounce off one of the layer boundaries) or refracted (go through the boundary and bend) Whenever reflection/refraction happens, some of the energy in p and s waves gets converted to the other type. The velocity that waves travel depends on the material that they are passing through. All waves travel faster through solid than liquid. Waves travel faster through cold material than hot material. The velocity of seismic waves increases with depth. Wave paths do not go straight, they bend as they go from layer to. Radius of earth: 6,370 kilometers (we know that because of seismic waves)

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