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MIC 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Molecular Mass, Afferent Arterioles, Tubular Fluid

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amaranthtoad188
7 Dec 2017
School
URI
Department
Microbiology
Course
MIC 211
Professor
Jodi Camberg

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Document Summary

Trace a drop of urine from the renal pelvis to the urethra. glomerular capillaries---> glomerular capsule--->proximal convoluted tubule--->descending loop of henle-- >loop of henle--->ascending loop of henle--->distal convoluted tubule--->collecting duct-->papillary duct-- Describe the anatomy of the nephron, including the vascular portion and the tubular portion. nephron=functional unit: about 1 million nephrons/kidney, glomerular=capillary network for filtration, bowman"s capsule, receives the filtrate, inflow to renal tubules, renal tubules, proximal tubule. Loop of henle: descending limb, thin ascending limb, thick ascending limb, can be short or long, distal convoluted tubule, cortical and. juxtamedullary nephron, cortical, short loop of henle, most numerous 80-85, juxtamedullary. Long loop extends into medulla: responsible for medullary osmotic gradient, both types produce urine. Describe the process of glomerular filtration and what pressure favors filtration and what pressures oppose filtration: glomerular filtration. 10. ) goes to the >papillary duct-->renal papilla-->minor calyx--->major calyx--->renal pelvis--

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Related Questions

Starting with the glomerulus the regions of the urinary system that the filtrate must flow through are: (Please Note: not all structures need to be present, only that the sequence is correct)

a. glomerular capillaries – proximal convoluted tubule – ascending limb of the loop of Henle – minor calyx – urethra

b. Bowman’s space – proximal convoluted tubule – descending limb of t he loop of Henle, collecting duct - ureter

c. proximal convoluted tubule – major calyx – bladder - urethra

d. “a” and “b” are correct

e. All are correct

Explanation as well would be helpful

1) A drop of urine would follow this path

a) renal pyramid/major calyx/minor calyx/renal pelvis/ureter

b) minor calyx/major calyx/renal pyramid/renal pelvis/ureter

c) renal pelvis/minor calyx/major calyx/renal pyramid/ureter

d) renal pyramid/minor calyx/major calyx/renal pelvis/ureter

2) The production of filtrate starts at

a) Loop of Henle

b) capsular space

c) distal convoluted tubule

d) proximal convoluted tubule

3) Major reabsorption of water happens by ____at the _____

a) contransport, distal convoluted tubules

b) Cl- shift, nephron loop

c) countercurrent, nephron loop

d) countercurrent, ureter

4) Angiotensin II causes production of ____to increase Na + reabsorption in the _________

a) renin; collecting duct

b) aldosterone; PCT

c) ADH; nephron loop

d) aldosterone; collecting duct

5) Most of the reabsorbed compounds from the filtrate end up in the

a) peritubular capillary

b) urine

c) nephron loop

d) DCT

6) Reabsorption of urea happens by

a) transcellular movement

b) by paracellular movement

c) by cotransport with glucose

d) by HCO3- movement

7) Transport Maximum, in urinary system terms, refers to

a) proteins performing ‘transport’ out of the filtrate at maximum rate

b) the reason why a diabetic produces large volumes of diluted urine

c) excess filtrate components being urinated out of the body

d) All choices are correct

8) Urine does not drop below pH 4.5 because

a) proteins that move H+ into filtrate stop working when too much H+ builds up in filtrate

b) proteins in urine neutralize acid

c) H+ are always buffered

d) the buffering system in urine does not run out

9) Hyperkalemia will

a) activate adrenal cells to secrete aldosterone

b) can stop the heart

c) No choices are correct

d) cause reduced excitability of neurons

e) All choices are correct

1. Which of the following vessels, if stimulated to vasoconstrict, would cause increased filtration in the glomerular capillaries?
(a) Afferent arteriole​(c) Efferent arteriole
(b) Vasa recta​(d) Peritubular capillaries
2. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the flow of filtrate through the renal tubule?
(a) Glomerulus à Distal convoluted tubule à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Descending limb of nephron loop à Proximal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
(b) Glomerulus à Proximal convoluted tubule à Descending limb of nephron loop à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Distal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
(c) Glomerulus à Proximal convoluted tubule à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Descending limb of nephron loop à Distal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
(d) Glomerulus à Distal convoluted tubule à Descending limb of nephron loop à Ascending limb of nephron loop à Proximal convoluted tubule à Collecting duct
3. Tubular ______________ occurs when certain substances (i.e. ions, drugs) are removed from the bloodstream and placed back into the renal tubule.
(a) Elimination​(c) Secretion
(b) Reabsorption​(d) Filtration
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the reabsorption process in the proximal convoluted tubule?
(a) Na + ions are actively transported out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillaries
(b) Negatively charged ions (e.g. chloride) are transported out of the tubule in response to the movement of sodium
(c) Water is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries because of the increased osmotic pressure
(d) All of the above
5. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the glomerulus and the processes that occur there?
(a) Capsular hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure of fluid pressing on the capsule and opposes filtration
(b) Net filtration pressure in the glomerulus is the difference between forces favoring filtration and forces opposing filtration
(c) Blood from the afferent arteriole is filtered by size when it enters the glomerulus because of the many fenestrae
(d) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole lowers glomerular filtration rate
6. The descending limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water while the ascending limb of the nephron is permeable to water.
(a) True​(b) False
7. Which of the following vessels takes blood out of the renal corpuscle and returns it to the bloodstream?
(a) Peritubular capillary system​(c) Vasa recta
(b) Efferent arteriole​(d) Afferent arteriole
8. Under the influence of ADH, the ___________________ and the _________________ become permeable to water and water is reabsorbed.
(a) Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop
(b) Distal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
(d) Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
9. What is the name of the region inside the bladder bounded by the two uretal openings and the urethra?
(a) Trigone​(c) Mucous layer
(b) Detrusor muscle​(d) Transitional epithelium
10. During the accumulation of urine, the bladder distends, allowing stretch receptors in the transitional epithelium to be stimulated.
(a) True​(b) False