PSY 301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Confidence Interval, Null Hypothesis, Nomothetic
Document Summary
Empirical: systemic observations - control in observations, experimentation - manipulation of variables and observation of effect, unbiased and objective reporting of results, accurate instrumentation for collecting data, testable hypotheses of observable phenomena, generalizable and repeatable. *it is easy to be unbiased and objective for reporting in say physics, but it is harder when dealing with people (psychology) Deductive reasoning - scientific method standard for research: theory --> hypothesis --> test --> conclusion. Inductive reasoning - bottom up approach: question --> observation --> ordering data --> theory. Scientific method traditionally based on deductive reasoning but inductive reasoning has important contributions and is seen in qualitative research. Darwin theory of evolution - developed from observation of differences in finch species in the. Piaget"s theory of cognitive development - children though and reasoned differently about their world - testing the theory through observation. Description - nomothetic approach - general laws of behavior of classification.
