BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Genetic Drift

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coralwallaby975

12 Jan 2017

School

USC, SC, Carolina, South Carolina

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 102

Professor

czako

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Document Summary

Descent with modification: a darwinian view of life . A change in the genetic composition of a population over time through generations: it is dependent on genetic variation. Evolution can occur by: random processes: mutation, genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder effect, nonrandom processes: through natural selection. A change in the frequency of alleles in a population through differential survival and reproduction of individuals that possess certain phenotypes (an attribute of an organism like a behavior or morphology trait) Three requirements: individuals vary in their phenotypic traits, traits are heritable (genotype: the set of genes and particular alleles, variation in traits causes some individuals to experience higher fitness in an environment. Organisms are adapted to the environments they live in: ex: duck with webbed feet. Theses adaptations are the result of evolution, the fundamental organizing principle of biology and the core theme of this course.

Related Questions

Which of the following is most likely as a population goes through a bottleneck?

Heterozygosity decreases because genetic distance increases.

Genetic diversity increases because mutation rate increases while the population is going through the bottleneck

. Genetic diversity decreases because some alleles can be lost as the number of individuals dwindles

. The proportion of individuals that are heterozygous increases because there are fewer individuals.

2)What is meant when it says that genetic drift produces "non-adaptive" evolution?

Sometimes natural selection can favor a trait that is good for the current conditions, but when conditions change it is no longer helpful.

Evolution is just a genetic change in a population. If genes are lost from a population due to chance (i.e. genetic drift), that may not be adaptive, meaning the remaining organisms are no more fit.

Evolution isn't perfect, and sometimes it makes mistakes.

whitekoala529

Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?

All of these answers are correct

Comparing DNA sequences between species

Looking at the geographic distribution of similar species

Analyzing transitional fossils

Which one of the following statements is true?

Natural selection works on non-heritable traits.

Mutations only give rise to harmful traits.

Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.

Individuals evolve through natural selection.

Which one of the following can create new alleles?

Which of the following is true concerning evolution?

An individual can evolve

Genetic drift is a non-random part of natural selection

An organism's fitness is determined by how long it survives

Natural selection occurs through a change in allele frequency

All living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by photosynthesis.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by soil bacteria.

Elemental carbon taken in by plant roots.

Elemental carbon taken in by cellular respiration.

Elemental carbon taken in by cellular transpiration.

The burning of fossil fuels:

Releases excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Removes pollutants from the atmosphere.

Was developed by scientists to combat global climate change.

Has no effect on the carbon cycle.

Is good for the environment

__________ conducts water and dissolved minerals from the __________ to the ___________.

Phloem; roots; shoots

Xylem; roots; shoots

Phloem; shoots; roots

Xylem; shoots; roots

What is a disadvantage of growing traditional crops such as corn, soy or sugar cane for making biofuel?

they require lots of land and fresh water

they take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere

they release oxygen into the atmosphere

they release water through their stomata

______ is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem.

Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water?

Match the following into these 3 category's: natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow

1. Consistently causes a population to become better adapted to its environment
2, cannot cause a harmful allele to become more common
3. can introduce new allele into a populations gene pool
4. causes allele frequencies to fluctuate rapidly'
5. a result of differential success in reproduction
6 responsible for the founder effect
7. responsible for the bottleneck effect
8., a result of the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes

yellowjackal723

BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Genetic Drift

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