BIOL 243L Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Kinetochore, Protein Structure, Cleavage Furrow

24 views2 pages

magentamule248

18 Sep 2016

School

USC, SC, Carolina, South Carolina

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 243L

Professor

Brasington

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

The process of a cell dividing into 2 identical daughter cells. Occurs when cells reach a certain age. Means of body growth, replacing older cells, and repairing injured parts of the body. Cells spend most of their time in interphase. G1: cells grow larger; duplication of organelles. S: dna is duplicated exactly and the amount of dna doulbes. G2: more growth, enzymes and other proteins are synthesized and cell prepares for mitosis. Mitosis=the division of the nucleus to produce 2 diploid nuclei: occurs at end of interphase. Chromosomes (comprised of 2 sister chromatids) condense. Chromosomes line up at equator at the metaphase plate. Microtubules that make up spindle fibers extend from the poles to center of the cell. Chromosomes move randomly until they attach at their kinetochores to polar fibers from both sides of the centromeres. Kinetochores= protein structure where spindle fibers attach to pull sister chromatids apart. The pair centromeres begin to move apart.

Related Questions

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

What function(s) does mitosis fulfill for multicellular organisms?

Match the phrase on the left with the part of the cell cycle on the right.

DNA replication is checked for accuracy