BIOL 460 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Dna-Binding Domain, Adipocyte, Cretinism
24 Oct 2016
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Endocrine glands (exocrine glands have ducts: ductless, hormones secreted directly into the bloodstream, target cells have receptors for specific hormones, both glands are developed in the embryo from the epithelia, many organs are endocrine glands. Heart, liver, kidneys, skin, stomach: neurohormones. Secreted by specialized cells of the hypothalamus: regulate body metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone: polypeptides and proteins. Chains of amino acids less than 100 aa long. Insulin (2 pp chains joined together: glycoproteins. Hormone classification by action: lipophilic hormones. Receptors in the cytoplasm or the nucleus. Have genomic action (can turn genes on or off) Can be taken orally b/c can be quickly absorbed: polar hormones. Cannot be taken orally (have to inject insulin) Bonding to receptor protein in the membrane of the target cell. Second messenger system: will alter enzyme activity. Turn enzymes on or off in target cell.
