BIOL 190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Semipermeable Membrane, Monomer, Disaccharide

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A few chemical groups are key to the functioning of biological molecules. Organisms are made up of organic molecules: carbon-based molecules. An organic molecule has unique properties that depend on: size and shape, group of atoms (functional groups) attached to it. Cells make up a huge number of large molecules from a limited set of small molecules. Four classes of molecules important to organisms: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, can be very large molecules=macromolecules, monomers (one) and polymers (many) Monomer is a subunit that makes up polymers that are aka macromolecules. Monomers link together to form polymers through dehydration reactions: removal of water. Polymers are broken apart by hydrolysis: addition of water (lyse-to break apart) Carbohydrates- small sugar molecules (monomers) to large polysaccharides (polymers) Sugar monomers are monosaccharides: glucose and fructose- fuels for cellular work. Monosaccharides (one sugar) can be hooked together to form: more complex sugars, disaccharides (ex. sucrose, polysaccharides (ex. starch, glycogen, chitin)

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