BSC 251 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Glycogen, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Brainstem
7 Apr 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Autonomic nervous system (ans) maintains homeostasis, directs the activities of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. (organismal level) Helps with awareness of surrounding in certain situations. Pathways include preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron (part of the peripheral nervous system) Preganglionic neuron and preganglionic fibers are the same thing. 16. 2 contrasting the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Parasympathetic: rest and repose, maintenance activities and conserve energy. Celiac ganglion innervates stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen. Superior mesenteric ganglion innervates small intestine and proximal 2/3 of large intestine. Dominant nerve: preganglionic fibers that leave the spinal cord as pelvic nerves innervate the kidneys, bladder, sex organs and large intestines. The ans demonstrates dual innervation meaning most structures are innervated by both divisions. Parasympathetic and sympathetic usually have antagonistic effects. Increasing or decreasing the level of sympathetic activity will alter vessel diameter. Alpha: activate enzymes in the target cell. 1 cause the release of ca2+ in target cell; always excitatory.
