BIO 311D Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Hox Gene, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Sea Level Rise
Document Summary
Origin of life branched out to bacteria and common ancestor of eukarya and archaea. Lateral gene transfer transfer of genes between bacteria; during prokaryote evolution. Fungi are closer to animals than plants (more recent common ancestors) Made up pf elongated threads called hyphae in a mass collectively known as mycelium. Releases enzyme into environment and absorb pre-digested nutrients. Chitin synthesis genes would also be found in fungi. Many are detritus feeders, decomposers, get nutrient from dead organisms. Mycorrhizal fungi lives symbiotically with roots of plants; important with the success of first plants. Extinction of large predators would make it possible for smaller animals to diverge. If one animal is dependent on another for food and their food source dies out, the predator would have to evolve to survive. Specialized cell-cell junctions: tight junctions: block extracellular fluids; very specific, desmosomes, gap junctions. Animals have internal surfaces for exchange of substances.
